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Blood groups and blood typing
There are various blood typing card based on the presence/absence of inherited antigen on the surface of erythrocytes, AOB and Rh being the most popular ones.
The AOB system is related to the immunoglobulins anti-A and anti-B, produced during the first years of life. Presence/absence of certain glycolipids in erythrocyte membrane determines the A, B, AB, and O blood groups.
The Rhesus system is suffixed to the ABO system. Although there are about 30 different antigens in this group, the common blood tests focus only on antigen-D. Rh test shows whether an individual has (Rh positive) or does not have (Rh negative) the 'Rhesus factor', or antigen-D, expressed by a transmembrane protein.
ABO system:
|
Blood group |
A |
B |
AB |
O |
|
Antigens in membrane |
A |
B |
A and B |
none |
|
Antibodies in plasma |
B |
A |
none |
A and B |
Rh system:
|
Blood group |
Rh+ |
Rh- |
|
D-antigen in membrane |
present |
absent |
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